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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 323-331. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.02.021

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

1 483名北京市居民对口腔癌及相关知识的认知情况调查

周行红1,黄莹1,袁超2,郑树国2,张杰1,△(),张建国1   

  • 收稿日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 张杰 E-mail:zhangjie06@126.com

Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer among 1 483 residents in Beijing

Xing-hong ZHOU1,Ying HUANG1,Chao YUAN2,Shu-guo ZHENG2,Jie ZHANG1,△(),Jian-guo ZHANG1   

  • Received:2019-10-09 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-04-18
  • Contact: Jie ZHANG E-mail:zhangjie06@126.com

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摘要：

目的 调查北京市居民对口腔癌及相关知识的认知现状.方法: 采用方便抽样方法,对北京市居民(非医学相关人员)进行口腔癌及其相关防治知识的认知情况进行问卷调查.结果: 完成问卷调查共1 483份,其中男性663份(44.6%),女性820份(55.3%),年龄15~91岁.79.2%的被调查者能做到早晚各刷一次牙,仍有16.6%被调查者每天只刷一次牙.当被问及听说过哪些癌症时,肺癌知晓率最高,达94.3%,肝癌,胃癌次之,达92.5%,92.4%,口腔癌的知晓率最低,仅47.7%.口腔癌知晓率与户口(P=0.015),长期居住地(P=0.028),家庭人均年收入(P=0.024),刷牙频率(P<0.001),自我检查口腔频率(P<0.001)及是否嚼槟榔(P=0.015)有关.多数被调查者从电视节目(24.3%),手机新闻/电子杂志(22.0%),微信(11.3%)及与朋友或身边的人聊天(14.6%)获知口腔癌相关信息.知道吸烟是口腔癌危险因素的仅34.9%,且其认识与年龄(P=0.011),教育水平(P=0.007),刷牙频率(P<0.001)及自我检查口腔(P=0.002)有关.知道饮酒是口腔癌危险因素的仅23.5%,其认识与教育水平(P=0.002),长期居住地(P=0.022),刷牙频率(P=0.009),自我检查口腔频率(P=0.005)有关.知道嚼槟榔是口腔癌危险因素的只有35.1%,其认识与年龄(P=0.040),学历(P=0.002),户口(P=0.002),家庭人均年收入(P=0.005),刷牙频率(P=0.001),自我检查口腔(P<0.001),嚼槟榔(P=0.002)有关.知道口内长期不愈的溃疡,白色斑块,红色斑块是口腔癌早期症状的分别有35.7%,21.6%,16.9%.结论: 北京市居民对口腔癌及其相关防治知识的认识存在严重不足,尚有部分居民还未形成良好的个人口腔卫生习惯,需采取针对性措施提高大众对口腔癌及相关防治知识的认知情况,如利用各种新媒体形式对大众进行口腔卫生健康知识宣教,以减少口腔癌发病率,提高早期就诊率和患者生存率.

关键词: 口腔肿瘤, 调查和问卷, 认知, 北京

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the oral cancer awareness, its related knowledge among residents in Beijing.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among Beijing residents (non-medical related personnel) on the knowledge of oral cancer and its prevention and treatment.Results: A total of 1 483 questionnaires were completed, including 663 males (44.6%) and 820 females (55.3%), ranging from 15 to 91 years. Lung cancer was the most mentioned as heard of (94.3%), followed by liver cancer (92.5%) and gastric cancer (92.4%), while oral cancer was the least heard of (47.7%). Family account (P=0.015), residence (P=0.028), income (P=0.024), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001) and chew betel nut chewing (P=0.015) were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness. Most respondents learned about oral cancer from TV programs (24.3%), phone news (22.0%), WeChat (11.3%) and chatting with friends or people around (14.6%). Only 34.9% knew that smoking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with age (P=0.011), education level (P=0.007), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.002). Only 23.5% knew that drinking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with education level (P=0.002), residence (P=0.022), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.009), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.005). Only 35.1% knew that betel nut chewing was a risk factor for oral cancer, and this know-ledge was associated with age (P=0.040), education level (P=0.002), family account (P=0.002), income (P=0.005), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001), and betel nut chewing (P=0.002). Only 35.7%, 21.6% and 16.9%, respectively, knew that long-term unhealed ulcers, white plaques and red plaques in the mouth were the early signs of oral cancer.Conclusion: This survey demonstrates a general lack of public awareness and knowledge about signs and symptoms of oral cancer, and its risk factors and treatment. Some residents have not formed good oral hygiene habits. Specific measures should be taken to improve the public awareness of oral cancer and related knowledge about prevention and treatment, such as the use of various new media for the public to promote their oral health knowledge, in order to reduce the incidence of oral cancer, improve early attendance rates and the patients' survival rates.

Key words: Mouth neoplasms, Surveys and questionnaires, Cognition, Beijing

中图分类号: 

  • R739.8

表1

一般背景信息"

Variable n (%)
Gender
Male 663 (44.7)
Female 820 (55.3)
Age
15-29 years 653 (44.0)
30-44 years 522 (35.2)
45-59 years 189 (12.7)
≥60 years 119 (8.0)
Education
Primary or below 40 (2.7)
Middle high 93 (6.3)
High or technical school 202 (13.6)
University or college 892 (60.1)
Graduate or higher 256 (17.3)
Account
Rural 435 (29.3)
Urban 1 048 (70.7)
Residence
Downtown 233 (15.7)
Suburbs 657 (44.3)
Outer suburbs 528 (35.6)
Rural 65 (4.4)
Marital status
Married 791 (53.3)
Single 650 (43.8)
Widow/Divorced/Separated 42 (2.8)
Income
<20 000 yuan 509 (34.3)
20 000-40 000 yuan 301 (20.3)
40 000-60 000 yuan 267 (18.0)
>60 000 yuan 406 (27.4)
Medical insurance
Yes 1 371 (92.4)
No 112 (7.6)

图1

不同癌症知晓率"

表2

与口腔癌知晓率,危险因素,早期表现认知情况相关的单因素分析"

Variable n Awareness rate Early signs Risk factors
Ulcer White plaques Red plaques Smoking Chewing betel nut Drinking
Total 707 (47.7) 530 (35.7) 320 (21.6) 251 (16.9) 518 (34.9) 520 (35.1) 348 (23.5)
Age
15-29 years 653 324 (49.6) 249 (38.1) 146 (22.4) 117 (17.9) 236 (36.1) 247 (37.8) 162 (24.8)
30-44 years 522 243 (46.6) 186 (35.6) 117 (22.4) 85 (16.3) 201 (38.5) 191 (36.6) 131 (25.1)
45-59 years 189 77 (40.7) 60 (31.7) 33 (17.5) 27 (14.3) 45 (23.8) 50 (26.5) 31 (16.4)
≥60 years 119 63 (52.9) 35 (29.4) 24 (20.2) 22 (18.5) 36 (30.3) 32 (26.9) 24 (20.2)
P 0.102 <0.001 0.040 0.874 0.011 0.040 0.200
Education
Primary or below 40 22 (55.0) 10 (25.0) 10 (25.0) 11 (27.5) 12 (30.0) 12 (30.0) 10 (25.0)
Middle high 93 35 (37.6) 23 (24.7) 12 (12.9) 11 (11.8) 20 (21.5) 18 (19.4) 12 (12.9)
High or technical school 202 85 (42.1) 54 (26.7) 40 (19.8) 34 (16.8) 55 (27.2) 51 (25.2) 38 (18.8)
University or college 892 437 (49.0) 340 (38.1) 192 (21.5) 150 (16.8) 328 (36.8) 336 (37.7) 220 (24.7)
Graduate or higher 256 128 (50.0) 103 (40.2) 66 (25.8) 45 (17.6) 103 (40.2) 103 (40.2) 68 (26.6)
P 0.080 <0.001 0.084 0.498 0.007 0.002 0.002
Account
Rural 435 186 (42.8) 137 (31.5) 75 (17.2) 60 (13.8) 134 (30.8) 123 (28.3) 92 (21.1)
Urban 1 048 521 (49.7) 393 (37.5) 245 (23.4) 191 (18.2) 384 (36.6) 397 (37.9) 256 (24.4)
P 0.015 0.022 0.012 0.015 0.119 0.002 0.174
Residence
Downtown 233 121 (51.9) 86 (36.9) 55 (23.6) 46 (19.7) 81 (34.8) 81 (34.8) 66 (28.3)
Suburbs 657 331 (50.4) 249 (37.9) 149 (22.7) 114 (17.4) 251 (38.2) 260 (39.6) 159 (24.2)
Outer suburbs 528 229 (43.4) 178 (33.7) 101 (19.1) 81 (15.3) 167 (31.6) 164 (31.1) 111 (21.0)
Rural 65 26 (40.0) 17 (26.2) 15 (23.1) 10 (15.4) 19 (29.2) 15 (23.1) 12 (18.5)
P 0.028 0.012 0.011 0.372 0.176 0.056 0.022
Income
<20 000 yuan 509 230 (45.2) 167 (32.8) 98 (19.3) 74 (14.5) 163 (32.0) 164 (32.2) 124 (24.4)
20 000-40 000 yuan 301 132 (43.9) 95 (31.6) 62 (20.6) 47 (15.6) 100 (33.2) 95 (31.6) 61 (20.3)
40 000-60 000 yuan 267 126 (47.2) 88 (33.0) 53 (19.9) 50 (18.7) 90 (33.7) 87 (32.6) 59 (22.1)
>60 000 yuan 406 219 (53.9) 180 (44.3) 107 (26.4) 80 (19.7) 165 (40.6) 174 (42.9) 104 (25.6)
P 0.024 <0.001 0.024 0.177 0.069 0.005 0.491
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 199 62 (31.2) 47 (23.6) 28 (14.1) 19 (9.5) 43 (21.6) 42 (21.1) 26 (13.1)
Once in the evening 48 23 (47.9) 14 (29.2) 10 (20.8) 5 (10.4) 17 (35.4) 15 (31.3) 11 (22.9)
Twice a day 1 174 584 (49.7) 437 (37.2) 259 (22.1) 208 (17.7) 429 (36.5) 432 (36.8) 290 (24.7)
Over three times 62 38 (61.3) 32 (51.6) 23 (37.1) 19 (30.6) 29 (46.8) 31 (50.0) 21 (33.9)
P <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.009
Mouth self-examination
Never 332 124 (37.3) 81 (24.4) 44 (13.3) 38 (11.4) 80 (24.1) 76 (22.9) 57 (17.2)
Nearly every day 161 84 (52.2) 59 (36.6) 37 (23.0) 33 (20.5) 60 (37.3) 61 (37.9) 48 (29.8)
Three or four times a week 256 146 (57.0) 113 (44.1) 66 (25.8) 56 (21.9) 105 (41.0) 112 (43.8) 72 (28.1)
Occasionally 734 353 (48.1) 277 (37.7) 173 (23.6) 124 (16.9) 273 (37.2) 271 (36.9) 171 (23.3)
P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004 0.002 <0.001 0.005
Chewing betel nut
No 1 448 686 (47.4) 515 (35.6) 311 (21.5) 246 (17.0) 504 (34.8) 507 (35.0) 339 (23.4)
Yes 25 18 (72.0) 13 (52.0) 6 (24.0) 5 (20.0) 11 (44.0) 11 (44.0) 7 (28.0)
P 0.015 0.204 0.400 0.603 0.204 0.002 0.800

表3

与口腔癌知晓率相关的多元Logistic回归分析"

Variable n (%) OR 95%CI P
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 62 (31.2) 1
Once in the evening 23 (47.9) 1.845 0.960-3.548 0.066
Twice a day 584 (49.7) 1.839 1.304-2.594 0.001
Over three times 38 (61.3) 2.559 1.376-4.758 0.003
Mouth self-examination
Never 124 (37.3) 1
Nearly every day 84 (52.2) 1.455 0.977-2.168 0.065
Three or four times a week 146 (57.0) 1.804 1.272-2.560 0.001
Occasionally 353 (48.1) 1.347 1.018-1.781 0.037
Chewing betel nut
No 686 (47.4) 1
Yes 18 (72.0) 3.303 1.328-8.214 0.010

图2

口腔癌知晓途径"

表4

与口腔癌危险因素认知情况相关的多元Logistic回归分析"

Variable n (%) OR 95%CI P
Smoking
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 43 (21.6) 1
Once in the evening 17 (35.4) 1.695 0.843-3.406 0.139
Twice a day 429 (36.5) 1.574 1.075-2.305 0.020
Over three times 29 (46.8) 2.252 1.203-4.214 0.011
Mouth self-examination
Never 80 (24.1) 1
Nearly every day 60 (37.3) 1.496 0.975-2.294 0.065
Three or four times a week 105 (41.0) 1.743 1.198-2.535 0.004
Occasionally 273 (37.2) 1.526 1.112-2.093 0.009
Chewing betel nut
Account
Rural 123 (28.3) 1
Urban 397 (37.9) 1.447 1.101-1.902 0.008
Income
<20 000 yuan 164 (32.2) 1
20 000-40 000 yuan 95 (31.6) 1.039 0.755-1.428 0.816
40 000-60 000 yuan 87 (32.6) 0.985 0.708-1.369 0.927
>60 000 yuan 174 (42.9) 1.379 1.036-1.836 0.028
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 42 (21.1) 1
Once in the evening 15 (31.3) 1.424 0.690-2.937 0.339
Twice a day 432 (36.8) 1.531 1.037-2.260 0.032
Over three times 31 (50.0) 2.266 1.203-4.270 0.011
Mouth self-examination
Never 76 (22.9) 1
Nearly every day 61 (37.9) 1.567 1.017-2.414 0.042
Three or four times a week 112 (43.8) 2.020 1.383-2.949 <0.001
Occasionally 271 (36.9) 1.560 1.132-2.149 0.007
Drinking
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 26 (13.1) 1
Once in the evening 11 (22.9) 1.786 0.803-3.976 0.155
Twice a day 290 (24.7) 1.786 1.130-2.824 0.013
Over three times 21 (33.9) 2.482 1.237-4.979 0.010
Mouth self-examination
Never 57 (17.2) 1
Nearly every day 48 (29.8) 1.656 1.042-2.630 0.033
Three or four times a week 72 (28.1) 1.504 0.992-2.280 0.054
Occasionally 171 (23.3) 1.215 0.851-1.734 0.284

表5

与口腔癌早期表现认知情况相关的多元Logistic回归分析"

Variable n (%) OR 95%CI P
Ulcer
Income
<20 000 yuan 167 (32.8) 1
20 000-40 000 yuan 95 (31.6) 1.014 0.739-1.392 0.932
40 000-60 000 yuan 88 (33.0) 1.008 0.727-1.399 0.960
>60 000 yuan 180 (44.3) 1.502 1.130-1.997 0.005
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 47 (23.6) 1
Once in the evening 14 (29.2) 1.087 0.527-2.241 0.821
Twice a day 437 (37.2) 1.421 0.976-2.070 0.067
Over three times 32 (51.6) 2.264 1.205-4.256 0.011
Mouth self-examination
Never 81 (24.4) 1
Nearly every day 59 (36.6) 1.454 0.945-2.235 0.088
Three or four times a week 113 (44.1) 1.957 1.345-2.847 <0.001
Occasionally 277 (37.7) 1.559 1.137-2.138 0.006
White plaques
Account
Rural 75 (17.2) 1
Urban 245 (23.4) 1.461 1.050-2.032 0.024
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 28 (14.1) 1
Once in the evening 10 (20.8) 1.415 0.622-3.219 0.407
Twice a day 259 (22.1) 1.321 0.841-2.076 0.227
Over three times 23 (37.1) 2.283 1.148-4.538 0.019
Mouth self-examination
Never 44 (13.3) 1
Nearly every day 37 (23.0) 1.672 1.003-2.789 0.049
Three or four times a week 66 (25.8) 1.989 1.267-3.122 0.003
Occasionally 173 (23.6) 1.865 1.268-2.744 0.002
Red plaques
Frequency of brushing teeth
Once in the morning 19 (9.5) 1
Once in the evening 5 (10.4) 1.007 0.354-2.865 0.989
Twice a day 208 (17.7) 1.673 0.998-2.802 0.051
Over three times 19 (30.6) 3.110 1.476-6.553 0.003
Mouth self-examination
Never 38 (11.4) 1
Nearly every day 33 (20.5) 1.591 0.938-2.697 0.085
Three or four times a week 56 (21.9) 1.783 1.118-2.845 0.015
Occasionally 124 (16.9) 1.378 0.923-2.058 0.117
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ISSN 1671-167X
CN 11-4691/R
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