北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 881-885. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.05.014

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京某高校医学院师生营养知信行水平及其影响因素

王双佳1,2,王婷婷3,王军波2,()   

  1. 1.北京大学医学部总务处
    2.北京大学公共卫生学院
    3.北京大学医学部国际合作处,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-20 出版日期:2020-10-18 发布日期:2020-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 王军波 E-mail:bmuwjbxy@bjmu.edu.cn

Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencing factors

Shuang-jia WANG1,2,Ting-ting WANG3,Jun-bo WANG2,()   

  1. 1. Office of General Service, Peking University Health Science Center
    2. Peking University School of Public Health
    3. Office of International Cooperation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-02-20 Online:2020-10-18 Published:2020-10-15
  • Contact: Jun-bo WANG E-mail:bmuwjbxy@bjmu.edu.cn

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摘要:

目的:了解北京某高校医学院在校师生膳食营养知识、态度及行为情况并探究其影响因素,为改善师生营养观念、开展学校营养教育工作提供依据。方法:以北京某高校医学院在职教师,一、二年级硕士研究生,一、二年级博士研究生和一至三年级本科生为研究对象,采用等比例分层整群抽样的方法抽取师生样本,以电子问卷方式进行调查。组间均数比较采用t检验或方差分析,采用多元线性回归分析营养知识、态度及行为(knowledge, attitude and practice,KAP)评分影响因素。结果:北京某高校医学院师生营养知识平均得分为(5.7±1.5)分;营养知识知晓率为57.3%。营养态度平均得分为(8.3±3.0)分;营养行为平均得分为(5.1±2.0)分。总体营养KAP平均得分为(19.1±4.6)分。其中教师得分(19.9±5.2)高于学生得分(18.9±4.5),女性得分(19.5±4.5)高于男性得分(18.4±4.5),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);博士研究生的营养态度、营养行为得分及KAP总分均高于本科生及硕士研究生(P<0.01)。结论:北京某高校医学院在校师生营养态度较为端正,营养知识有待进一步加强,在营养行为上尚有一些不合理之处。性别、身份、学位是影响营养知信行得分的主要影响因素。学校应积极开展营养教育宣传,提高师生营养知识,纠正不良饮食习惯,助力健康中国行动建设。

关键词: 营养状况, 营养知识, 态度, 行为, 膳食习惯, 高校师生

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencine factors, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and promotion. Methods: The subjects of this study were teachers, as well as first-year and second-year graduate students, and first-year to third-year undergraduate students. The teachers and students were respectively sampled by stratified cluster sampling with equal proportion. t-test or ANOVA was used to compare the means between the groups, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score. Results: The average score of nutrition knowledge was 5.7±1.5. The knowledge rate of nutrition was 57.3%. The average score of nutritional attitudes was 8.3±3.0. The mean nutritional behavior score was 5.1±2.0. The average nutritional KAP score was 19.1±4.6, with the teachers 19.9±5.2 higher than the students 18.9±4.5; the female 19.5±4.5 higher than the male 18.4±4.5; All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of nutritional attitudes, nutritional behavior and total KAP scores of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of the undergraduate and postgraduate students (P<0.01). Conclusion: The nutrition attitudes of teachers and students is relatively correct, the nutrition knowledge needs to be further strengthened, and there are some unreasonable aspects in the nutrition behaviors. Gender, identity and degree are the main influencing factors of the nutrition score of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. It is necessary to carry out nutritional education in schools to improve the nutrition knowledge of teachers and students, correct bad eating habits, and promote the construction of healthy China action.

Key words: Nutritional status, Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, Diet habits, College teachers and students

中图分类号: 

  • R151.4+2

表1

师生营养相关知识回答正确率"

Nutrition knowledge Number of
teachers and
students
answered
correctly
Correct nutri-
tion-related
knowledge rate/%
Number of
teachers
answered
correctly
Correct nutri-
tion-related
knowledge rate/%
Number of
students
answered
correctly
Correct nutrition-related knowledge rate/%
Do you know Chinese Dietary Guidelines 478 57.00 68 44.44 410 59.77
The main types of food intake of Chinese Residents 727 86.60 120 78.43 607 88.48
Adult’s daily intake of salt/g 278 42.50 57 45.97 221 41.70
Adult’s daily intake of cooking oil/g 281 33.50 52 34.00 229 33.38
Energy supply ratio of three meals a day 648 86.10 115 85.19 533 86.25
The main food source of vitamin C in human body 807 96.20 142 92.81 665 96.94
Vitamins that may be lacking in night blindness 685 81.60 103 67.32 582 84.84
The main nutrients in milk and other dairy products 569 67.80 82 53.59 487 70.99
The main source of energy required by the human body 741 88.30 110 71.90 631 91.98
The right amount of water for adults to drink per day 239 28.50 39 25.49 200 29.15

表2

师生营养KAP评分得分比较(x-±s)"

Identity n Knowledge score Attitude score Behavior score Total KAP score
Teacher 153 5.0±1.7 8.6±3.4 6.3±1.7 19.9±5.2
Student 686 5.9±1.5 8.2±2.9 4.8±1.9 18.9±4.5
t - -6.06 1.33 8.32 2.20
P - <0.01 0.18 <0.01 0.03

表3

不同年级学生营养KAP评分得分比较(x-±s)"

Grade n Knowledge score Attitude score Behavior score Total KAP score
Undergraduate 357 5.8±1.4 7.9±3.0 4.6±2.0 18.3±4.7
Freshman 103 5.6±1.4 8.2±2.9 4.5±2.2 18.4±4.7
Sophomore 139 5.9±1.3 7.5±3.2 4.9±2.0 18.2±4.7
Junior 115 5.9±1.4 8.0±2.8 4.4±1.9 18.3±4.6
Master's degree 163 5.9±1.6 8.3±3.1 4.8±1.8 19.0±4.6
First year master 89 6.1±1.6 8.5±2.6 4.8±1.9 19.4±4.4
Second year master 74 5.5±1.6 8.1±3.6 4.9±1.7 18.5±4.9
Doctor’s degree 98 6.1±1.5 8.9±2.4*# 5.2±1.8*# 20.2±3.6*#
First year doctor 55 5.9±1.3 8.8±2.7 5.3±1.8 20.0±3.6
Second year doctor 43 5.5±1.7 9.5±1.8 5.3±1.9 20.4±3.6
Third year doctor 68 6.5±1.4 8.6±2.4 5.0±1.8 20.2±3.5
F 1.9 7.1 5.1 10.2
P >0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Mean square 2.1 8.4 3.8 19.5
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