北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 323-328.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

54例抗磷脂综合征患者的妊娠结局

郑晓娟,邓晓莉,刘湘源△   

  1. (北京大学第三医院风湿免疫科, 北京100191)
  • 出版日期:2014-04-18 发布日期:2014-04-18

Pregnancy outcome in 54 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome:a retrospective clinical study

ZHENG Xiao-juan, DENG Xiao-li, LIU Xiang-yuan△   

  1. (Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China)
  • Online:2014-04-18 Published:2014-04-18

摘要: 目的:总结抗磷脂综合征(antiphospholipid syndrome,APS)患者妊娠的母婴结局,分析治疗对妊娠结局的影响,探索影响妊娠结局可能的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2013年3月54例抗磷脂综合征的患者妊娠期间的临床资料、实验室检查结果和妊娠结局。结果:(1)母婴结局:①孕妇结局: 17例(31.4%)患者足月分娩,7例(12.9%)患者表现为死胎,16例(29.6%)患者表现为流产, 10例(18.5%)患者因严重的子痫/先兆子痫或严重的胎盘功能不全而早产,4例(7.4%)患者因严重的子痫/先兆子痫行治疗性引产。②胎儿结局:活产儿27例中8例出现胎儿宫内生长迟缓,4例为低出生体重儿,另3例为极低出生体重儿。(2)治疗对妊娠结局和并发症的影响:24例APS患者予以了阿司匹林或阿司匹林联合低分子肝素的治疗,30例APS患者未进行任何治疗,治疗组较未治疗组胎儿丢失率降低,足月分娩率增加,孕周延长,活产儿体重增加,子痫前期/子痫发生率及血小板降低发生率低,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)不良妊娠结局可能的危险因素:17例APS患者足月成功分娩,37例APS患者未成功分娩(发生流产、死胎、早产或治疗性引产)。未成功分娩组中抗心磷脂抗体(anticardiolipin antibody, aCL)和抗β2糖蛋白Ⅰ(抗β2GP1)两个抗体均阳性的患者比例、抗体滴度升高3倍及3倍以上的患者比例较成功分娩组高,未成功分娩组中孕前抗体转阴的比例、接受治疗患者比例和补体C4的水平较成功妊娠组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:APS患者妊娠期间存在较高的母婴风险;阿司匹林或阿司匹林联合低分子肝素的治疗能够有效地减少APS患者不良妊娠结局的发生;妊娠前抗磷脂抗体(antiphospholipid antibody,APL)未转阴、两个抗体均阳性、抗体滴度3倍及3倍以上升高、补体C4降低可能是APS患者发生不良妊娠结局的危险因素,阿司匹林或阿司匹林联合低分子肝素的治疗可能是APS患者成功妊娠的保护性因素。

关键词: 抗磷脂综合征, 妊娠结局, 危险因素, 回顾性研究

Abstract: Objective:To summarize the maternal/fetal outcome of pregnancy in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients to evaluate the influence of treatment on the outcomes of pregnancy, and to investigate the possible clinical predictors of unsuccessful pregnancy. Methods: The clinical characteristics,laboratory profiles and the outcomes of delivery of 54 APS patients from January 2000 to March 2013 were investigated retrospectively. Results: (1) Maternal/fetal outcome: 17 pregnancies (31.4%) resulted in full term delivery, 7 (12.9%) in stillbirth, 16 (29.6%) in spontaneous abortion,10 (18.5%) in premature birth due to eclampsia or severe preeclampsia or signs of placental insufficiency, 4 (7.4%)received therapeutic termination of pregnancy due to eclampsia or severe preeclampsia. In 27 live birth cases, 8 (29.6%) were fetal growth restriction, 4 (14.8%) were low birth weight infants, and 3 (11.1%) were very low birth weight infants. (2) Influence of treatment on the pregnancy outcomes and complications: 24 APS patients were given the treatment of aspirin or aspirin combined with low molecular weight heparin, and 30 patients received no treatment. Compared with the untreated group, the treated group had lower rate of fetal loss, higher rate of fullterm delivery, increased gestational age and birth weight, decreased incidence of preeclampsia / eclampsia and thrombocytopenia. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). (3)Possible risk factors of unsuccessful pregnancy: there were 17 successful pregnancies and 37 unsuccessful pregnancy. The rate of double APL positive and antibody titers ≥ three times the upper limit of normal were higher in the unsuccessful pregnancy group than the successful pregnancy group. Antibody negative rate before pregnancy proportion of patients received treatment and the level of complement 4 were lower in the unsuccessful pregnancy group. Conclusion: Pregnant women with APS are an extremely high risk group for adverse maternal /fetal outcome. Treatments can improve the pregnancy outcome of the APS patients. APL not turning negative before pregnancy double APL positive, antibody titers ≥ three times the upper limit of normal and complement 4 decrease may be the risk factors for pregnancy failure and treatment may be a protective factor for successful pregnancy.

Key words: Antiphospholipid syndrome, Pregnancy outcome, Risk factors, Retrospective studies

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