北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 366-372.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

重庆市巴南区学龄前儿童膳食维生素A摄入量与血浆维生素A的关系

彭容1,2,魏小平1,梁小华1,陈洁1,刘友学1,张霆3,李廷玉1△   

  1. (1. 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童营养研究中心,重庆400014;2. 重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016;3. 首都儿科研究所,北京100020)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-18 发布日期:2014-06-18

Effect of dietary vitamin A intake on plasma vitamin A concentration in preschool children of Banan district, Chongqing, China

PENG Rong1,2, WEI Xiao-ping1, LIANG Xiao-hua1, CHEN Jie1, LIU You-xue1, ZHANG Ting3, LI Ting-yu1△   

  1. (1. Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; 2. School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; 3. The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China)
  • Online:2014-06-18 Published:2014-06-18

摘要: 目的:了解重庆市巴南区学龄前儿童膳食维生素A摄入量和血浆维生素A浓度的关系,为下一步利用膳食摄入量预测机体维生素A营养提供理论基础。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,在重庆市巴南区鱼洞镇随机抽取3所幼儿园,对符合纳入标准的492名学龄前儿童进行膳食调查、体格测量、体检和实验室血生化检测。结果:492名学龄前儿童中,男孩229人,女孩263人,平均年龄(4.54±0.87)岁、身高(107.50±7.20) cm、体重(18.42±3.41) kg。边缘型维生素A缺乏(marginal vitamin A deficiency, MVAD)检出率为43.5%,未发现严重临床维生素A缺乏病例(血浆维生素A≤0.35 μmol/L)。临床检查未发现结膜、角膜及皮肤异常和Bitot’s斑等维生素A缺乏特异临床症状,最近两周感冒发生率为27.4%(135/492),未发现腹泻等胃肠道和消化道疾病,膳食维生素A摄入不足儿童(<600 μg RE/d)的比例高达50.0%。血浆视黄醇浓度分别与膳食维生素A摄入量(r=0.162, P<0.001)、膳食能量摄入量(r=0.107, P=0.017)相关。校正其他非膳食因素后,多因素Logistic回归显示:富含维生素A的食物中猪肝未摄入(OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.05~3.61, P=0.034)、富含维生素A的水果未摄入(OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.03~2.33, P=0.034)、富含维生素A的蔬菜摄入<200 g/d (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.37~8.75, P=0.009)是儿童维生素A缺乏的重要危险因素,而未发现肉、蛋、奶的摄入量与该地区儿童维生素A缺乏间的关系。结论:膳食维生素A摄入量和血浆视黄醇浓度呈显著相关,可以用富含维生素A的食物摄入量预测机体维生素A营养状况。

关键词: 维生素A缺乏, 血浆, 膳食, 儿童, 学龄前

Abstract: Objective:To study the relationship between dietary vitamin A intake and plasma vitamin A concentration, and establish the theoretical basis for dietary intake predicting vitamin A nutritional status. Methods: By using cluster sampling, 492 children aged 2-7 years in kindergartens in Banan district of Chongqing were selected. A crosssectional nutrition and health survey was conducted, including the clinical examination, anthropometry, laboratory test and dietary survey. Results: Among the children surveyed, 229 were boys, and 263 girls, the mean age was (4.54±0.87) years, height (107.50±7.20) cm, and weight (18.42±3.41) kg, the mean value of plasma vitamin A was (1.04±0.30) μmol/L. The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) was 43.5%. No cases of severe clinical vitamin A deficiency were found (plasma vitamin A≤0.35 μmol/L). Clinical examination found no conjunctiva, corneaor skin abnormalities, and no Bitot’s spots. Prevalence of the last two weeks colds were 27.4% (135/492), no diarrhea and other gastrointestinal or digestive diseases were found. The proportion of insufficient dietary vitamin A intake (<600 μg RE/d) was as high as 50.0%. By using correlation analysis, plasma retinol concentrations were related to dietary vitamin A intake (r=0.162, P<0.001), and to dietary energy intake (r=0.107, P=0.017). After adjustment for the effects of other non-dietary factors on vitamin A deficiency, the multivariate logistic regression showed that vitamin A-rich foods of liver intake=0 g/d (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.05-3.61, P=0.034), vitamin A-rich fruits intake=0 g/d (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33, P=0.034), vitamin A-rich vegetables intake<200 g/d (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.37-8.75, P=0.009) were important risk factors of vitamin A deficiency. But we had not found the correlation between the intake of meat, eggs and milk and vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion: Dietary factors may be the major risk factor of vitamin A deficiency in the three kindergartens. The dietary vitamin A intakes are significantly related to plasma retinol concentrations, and the vitamin Arich foods intakes can predict the body’s vitamin A nutritional status.

Key words: Vitamin A deficiency, Plasma, Diet, Child, preschool

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