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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 506-513. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.017

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2型糖尿病患者大五人格特征与自我管理态度的相关性

黎泽明,高敏,陈雪莹,孙昕霙()   

  1. 北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-17 出版日期:2020-06-18 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 孙昕霙 E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71673009)

Relationship between the five-factor model of personality traits and self-management attitude of patients with type 2 diabetes

Ze-ming LI,Min GAO,Xue-ying CHEN,Xin-ying SUN()   

  1. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education,School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-02-17 Online:2020-06-18 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Xin-ying SUN E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673009)

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摘要：

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者不同人格特征与用药、运动、饮食等自我管理态度的相关性。方法 以北京市通州区、顺义区4个社区卫生服务中心所属的22个社区卫生服务站的2型糖尿病患者作为调查对象,采用中国大五人格量表及包括用药、运动、饮食态度在内的自行设计的量表。结果 研究最终纳入642例调查对象,其中男女性别比基本持平,年龄在61岁以上占61.21%。不同性别的患者在神经质人格得分中存在差异(P<0.05),不同年龄阶段在宜人性和开放性人格中存在差异(P<0.05),不同文化程度在开放性和外向性人格中存在差异(P<0.05), 不同收入水平在宜人性、开放性、外向性人格上均存在差异(P<0.05)。大五人格特征与用药、运动、饮食态度的相关分析中,2型糖尿病患者感知用药障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.125、0.187、0.151,P值均<0.05); 感知运动障碍的4个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.163、0.129、0.119、0.104,P值均<0.05),感知运动益处的5个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为0.156、0.111、0.131、0.104、0.131,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为0.092、0.078,P值均<0.05)、4个条目与外向性人格(r值分别为 0.079、0.122、0.115、0.123,P值均<0.05)呈正相关;感知饮食障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.115、0.137、0.108,P值均<0.05), 2个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为-0.126、-0.161,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为-0.103、-0.115,P值均<0.05)呈负相关。典则相关分析中,根据3组典则变量公式组合典则结构图,神经质人格与宜人性人格在人格特征中起主要作用,用药、运动、饮食态度中的“障碍”条目起主要作用。结论 5种人格特征与2型糖尿病患者自我管理态度存在相关性,不同人格特征对患者自我管理态度均有影响,尤其了解神经质人格对提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理具有一定意义。因此,在2型糖尿病社区管理和疾病自我管理中应注意心理因素的影响,可根据患者的人格特征开展个性化护理及健康宣教。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 大五人格, 自我管理, 典则相关

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study.Results: In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=-0.126, -0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=-0.103, -0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented “obstacles” in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role.Conclusion: All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes, The five-factor model of personality, Self-management, Canonical correlation

中图分类号: 

  • R587.1

表1

大五人格量表各维度得分比较(x?±s)"

Items n (%) N C A O E
Total 642 17.84±7.93 40.05±6.65 38.44±6.17 27.79±9.22 30.02±8.90
Gender Male 312(48.60) 17.12±7.63 39.96±7.12 38.06±6.51 28.14±9.13 30.22±8.66
Female 330(51.40) 18.53±8.16 40.14±6.17 38.79±5.81 27.47±9.30 29.83±9.12
t -2.266 -0.345 -1.514 0.926 0.543
P 0.024 0.730 0.131 0.355 0.587
Age ≤50 53(8.26) 18.89±8.30 39.45±7.04 36.66±5.46 31.36±8.55 31.66±7.52
51-60 196(30.53) 19.01±8.86 39.95±6.50 38.66±6.23 29.68±9.26 30.66±8.82
≥61 393(61.21) 17.12±7.31 40.18±6.68 38.56±6.20 26.37±9.01 29.48±9.07
F/Hc 5.535 0.800 7.893 13.246 2.128
P 0.063a 0.670a 0.019a 0.000 0.120
Education level Primary school 74(11.58) 19.38±8.4 39.72±6.32 38.43±5.74 25.57±9.26 27.72±9.04
Middle school 291(45.54) 18.04±8.08 39.61±6.57 38.05±6.43 26.92±9.37 29.33±9.35
High school 166(25.98) 17.12±7.81 40.49±6.62 38.31±6.53 28.20±9.00 30.92±8.82
University /College 100(15.65) 17.4±7.36 40.63±7.27 39.54±4.94 30.55±8.21 31.71±7.21
Graduate school 8(1.25) 14.13±5.00 43.88±3.72 42.88±3.40 38.00±5.29 36.50±4.66
F/Hc 5.681 9.17 7.68 6.741 4.119
P 0.224a 0.057a 0.104a 0.000 0.003
Personal monthly income <3 000 190(29.97) 18.29±7.96 39.75±6.34 37.56±6.45 26.76±9.45 28.76±9.19
3 000-4 999 279(44.01) 17.68±7.9 40.29±6.69 38.89±6.08 27.51±9.06 30.14±8.76
≥5 000 165(26.03) 17.36±7.71 40.11±7.02 38.70±5.96 29.5±8.88 31.36±8.68
F/Hc 1.363 2.071 7.049 4.214 3.838
P 0.506a 0.355a 0.029a 0.015 0.020
Marital status Mateless 40(6.26) 20.15±8.59 38.55±7.25 38.98±5.77 27.10±10.43 29.25±9.24
Married 599(93.74) 17.65±7.86 40.16±6.61 38.42±6.19 27.85±9.14 30.07±8.90
t 0.209 0.033 0.041 1.095 0.000
P 0.647 0.856 0.839 0.296 0.990

表2

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对用药态度相关性分析( r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Anti-diabetic medications are very effective in controlling blood glucose 0.031 0.066 0.018 0.000 -0.007
2.Anti-diabetic medications can effectively avoid adiabetes-related complications -0.013 0.092* 0.046 0.088* 0.089*
3.Anti-diabetic medications are too expensive 0.125# 0.069 0.072 0.051 0.026
4.Taking anti-diabetic medications have side effects 0.049 0.053 0.037 0.02 -0.021
5.The use of anti-diabetic medications is too complicated 0.187# 0.032 0.020 0.081* 0.04
6.The reimbursement of anti-diabetic medications is too low 0.151# 0.030 -0.031 0.035 -0.029

表3

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

Items Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.240 0.909 58.928 0.001
2 0.122 0.965 22.170 0.331
3 0.113 0.979 12.934 0.374
4 0.085 0.992 4.994 0.545
5 0.027 0.999 0.465 0.790

图1

人格特征-用药态度典则结构图"

表4

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对运动态度相关性分析(r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Exercise is very effective in controlling blood glucose -0.080* 0.156# 0.092* 0.017 0.061
2.Exercise can effectively avoid diabetes-related complications -0.052 0.111# 0.037 0.040 0.079*
3.Exercise is very effective for weight control 0.009 0.131# 0.078* 0.132# 0.122#
4.I feel very comfortable after exercise -0.019 0.104# 0.025 0.048 0.115#
5.I’m in good mood after exercise -0.042 0.131# 0.063 0.067 0.123#
6.I don’t like exercise 0.056 -0.061 -0.107# -0.049 -0.070
7.I feel very tired after exercise 0.163# -0.022 0.072 0.040 -0.018
8.Exercise is a burden for me 0.129# -0.101# -0.074 0.002 -0.044
9.I feel breathless and my heartbeat is very fast during/after exercise 0.119# -0.046 -0.015 0.008 -0.003
10.I am worried about hypoglycemia after exercise 0.104# 0.027 -0.001 0.094* 0.001

表5

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

No. Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.240 0.870 86.764 0.001
2 0.218 0.923 50.012 0.060
3 0.131 0.969 19.849 0.705
4 0.092 0.986 9.069 0.827
5 0.077 0.994 3.739 0.712

图2

人格特征-运动态度典则结构图"

表6

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对饮食的态度相关性分析(r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Diabetic diets are very effective in controlling blood glucose -0.021 0.120# 0.043 0.076 0.079*
2.Diabetic diets can very effectively avoid diabetes-related complications 0.013 0.049 0.009 0.058 0.081*
3.Diabetic diets are very effective for weight control -0.005 0.043 0.092* 0.003 0.046
4.Following diabetic diets is too complicated 0.115# -0.077 -0.050 0.041 0.004
5.Diabetic diets make me lost the pleasure of eating 0.137# -0.126# -0.103# 0.004 -0.058
6.Diabetic diets make me have no appetite for food 0.108# -0.161# -0.115# 0.013 -0.074

表7

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

No. Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.201 0.929 46.343 0.029
2 0.139 0.968 20.318 0.438
3 0.097 0.987 8.110 0.776
4 0.056 0.997 2.190 0.901
5 0.019 1.000 0.221 0.895

图3

人格特征-饮食态度典则结构图"

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ISSN 1671-167X
CN 11-4691/R
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