Email Alert | RSS

北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 506-513. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.017

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2型糖尿病患者大五人格特征与自我管理态度的相关性

黎泽明,高敏,陈雪莹,孙昕霙()   

  1. 北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-17 出版日期:2020-06-18 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 孙昕霙 E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(71673009)

Relationship between the five-factor model of personality traits and self-management attitude of patients with type 2 diabetes

Ze-ming LI,Min GAO,Xue-ying CHEN,Xin-ying SUN()   

  1. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education,School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-02-17 Online:2020-06-18 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Xin-ying SUN E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673009)

RICH HTML

 11   

PDF (PC)

186

摘要：

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者不同人格特征与用药、运动、饮食等自我管理态度的相关性。方法 以北京市通州区、顺义区4个社区卫生服务中心所属的22个社区卫生服务站的2型糖尿病患者作为调查对象,采用中国大五人格量表及包括用药、运动、饮食态度在内的自行设计的量表。结果 研究最终纳入642例调查对象,其中男女性别比基本持平,年龄在61岁以上占61.21%。不同性别的患者在神经质人格得分中存在差异(P<0.05),不同年龄阶段在宜人性和开放性人格中存在差异(P<0.05),不同文化程度在开放性和外向性人格中存在差异(P<0.05), 不同收入水平在宜人性、开放性、外向性人格上均存在差异(P<0.05)。大五人格特征与用药、运动、饮食态度的相关分析中,2型糖尿病患者感知用药障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.125、0.187、0.151,P值均<0.05); 感知运动障碍的4个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.163、0.129、0.119、0.104,P值均<0.05),感知运动益处的5个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为0.156、0.111、0.131、0.104、0.131,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为0.092、0.078,P值均<0.05)、4个条目与外向性人格(r值分别为 0.079、0.122、0.115、0.123,P值均<0.05)呈正相关;感知饮食障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.115、0.137、0.108,P值均<0.05), 2个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为-0.126、-0.161,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为-0.103、-0.115,P值均<0.05)呈负相关。典则相关分析中,根据3组典则变量公式组合典则结构图,神经质人格与宜人性人格在人格特征中起主要作用,用药、运动、饮食态度中的“障碍”条目起主要作用。结论 5种人格特征与2型糖尿病患者自我管理态度存在相关性,不同人格特征对患者自我管理态度均有影响,尤其了解神经质人格对提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理具有一定意义。因此,在2型糖尿病社区管理和疾病自我管理中应注意心理因素的影响,可根据患者的人格特征开展个性化护理及健康宣教。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 大五人格, 自我管理, 典则相关

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study.Results: In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=-0.126, -0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=-0.103, -0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented “obstacles” in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role.Conclusion: All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes, The five-factor model of personality, Self-management, Canonical correlation

中图分类号: 

  • R587.1

表1

大五人格量表各维度得分比较(x?±s)"

Items n (%) N C A O E
Total 642 17.84±7.93 40.05±6.65 38.44±6.17 27.79±9.22 30.02±8.90
Gender Male 312(48.60) 17.12±7.63 39.96±7.12 38.06±6.51 28.14±9.13 30.22±8.66
Female 330(51.40) 18.53±8.16 40.14±6.17 38.79±5.81 27.47±9.30 29.83±9.12
t -2.266 -0.345 -1.514 0.926 0.543
P 0.024 0.730 0.131 0.355 0.587
Age ≤50 53(8.26) 18.89±8.30 39.45±7.04 36.66±5.46 31.36±8.55 31.66±7.52
51-60 196(30.53) 19.01±8.86 39.95±6.50 38.66±6.23 29.68±9.26 30.66±8.82
≥61 393(61.21) 17.12±7.31 40.18±6.68 38.56±6.20 26.37±9.01 29.48±9.07
F/Hc 5.535 0.800 7.893 13.246 2.128
P 0.063a 0.670a 0.019a 0.000 0.120
Education level Primary school 74(11.58) 19.38±8.4 39.72±6.32 38.43±5.74 25.57±9.26 27.72±9.04
Middle school 291(45.54) 18.04±8.08 39.61±6.57 38.05±6.43 26.92±9.37 29.33±9.35
High school 166(25.98) 17.12±7.81 40.49±6.62 38.31±6.53 28.20±9.00 30.92±8.82
University /College 100(15.65) 17.4±7.36 40.63±7.27 39.54±4.94 30.55±8.21 31.71±7.21
Graduate school 8(1.25) 14.13±5.00 43.88±3.72 42.88±3.40 38.00±5.29 36.50±4.66
F/Hc 5.681 9.17 7.68 6.741 4.119
P 0.224a 0.057a 0.104a 0.000 0.003
Personal monthly income <3 000 190(29.97) 18.29±7.96 39.75±6.34 37.56±6.45 26.76±9.45 28.76±9.19
3 000-4 999 279(44.01) 17.68±7.9 40.29±6.69 38.89±6.08 27.51±9.06 30.14±8.76
≥5 000 165(26.03) 17.36±7.71 40.11±7.02 38.70±5.96 29.5±8.88 31.36±8.68
F/Hc 1.363 2.071 7.049 4.214 3.838
P 0.506a 0.355a 0.029a 0.015 0.020
Marital status Mateless 40(6.26) 20.15±8.59 38.55±7.25 38.98±5.77 27.10±10.43 29.25±9.24
Married 599(93.74) 17.65±7.86 40.16±6.61 38.42±6.19 27.85±9.14 30.07±8.90
t 0.209 0.033 0.041 1.095 0.000
P 0.647 0.856 0.839 0.296 0.990

表2

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对用药态度相关性分析( r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Anti-diabetic medications are very effective in controlling blood glucose 0.031 0.066 0.018 0.000 -0.007
2.Anti-diabetic medications can effectively avoid adiabetes-related complications -0.013 0.092* 0.046 0.088* 0.089*
3.Anti-diabetic medications are too expensive 0.125# 0.069 0.072 0.051 0.026
4.Taking anti-diabetic medications have side effects 0.049 0.053 0.037 0.02 -0.021
5.The use of anti-diabetic medications is too complicated 0.187# 0.032 0.020 0.081* 0.04
6.The reimbursement of anti-diabetic medications is too low 0.151# 0.030 -0.031 0.035 -0.029

表3

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

Items Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.240 0.909 58.928 0.001
2 0.122 0.965 22.170 0.331
3 0.113 0.979 12.934 0.374
4 0.085 0.992 4.994 0.545
5 0.027 0.999 0.465 0.790

图1

人格特征-用药态度典则结构图"

表4

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对运动态度相关性分析(r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Exercise is very effective in controlling blood glucose -0.080* 0.156# 0.092* 0.017 0.061
2.Exercise can effectively avoid diabetes-related complications -0.052 0.111# 0.037 0.040 0.079*
3.Exercise is very effective for weight control 0.009 0.131# 0.078* 0.132# 0.122#
4.I feel very comfortable after exercise -0.019 0.104# 0.025 0.048 0.115#
5.I’m in good mood after exercise -0.042 0.131# 0.063 0.067 0.123#
6.I don’t like exercise 0.056 -0.061 -0.107# -0.049 -0.070
7.I feel very tired after exercise 0.163# -0.022 0.072 0.040 -0.018
8.Exercise is a burden for me 0.129# -0.101# -0.074 0.002 -0.044
9.I feel breathless and my heartbeat is very fast during/after exercise 0.119# -0.046 -0.015 0.008 -0.003
10.I am worried about hypoglycemia after exercise 0.104# 0.027 -0.001 0.094* 0.001

表5

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

No. Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.240 0.870 86.764 0.001
2 0.218 0.923 50.012 0.060
3 0.131 0.969 19.849 0.705
4 0.092 0.986 9.069 0.827
5 0.077 0.994 3.739 0.712

图2

人格特征-运动态度典则结构图"

表6

2型糖尿病患者人格特征与对饮食的态度相关性分析(r)"

Items N C A O E
1.Diabetic diets are very effective in controlling blood glucose -0.021 0.120# 0.043 0.076 0.079*
2.Diabetic diets can very effectively avoid diabetes-related complications 0.013 0.049 0.009 0.058 0.081*
3.Diabetic diets are very effective for weight control -0.005 0.043 0.092* 0.003 0.046
4.Following diabetic diets is too complicated 0.115# -0.077 -0.050 0.041 0.004
5.Diabetic diets make me lost the pleasure of eating 0.137# -0.126# -0.103# 0.004 -0.058
6.Diabetic diets make me have no appetite for food 0.108# -0.161# -0.115# 0.013 -0.074

表7

典则相关系数及其显著性检验"

No. Canonical correlations Wilk’s χ2 P
1 0.201 0.929 46.343 0.029
2 0.139 0.968 20.318 0.438
3 0.097 0.987 8.110 0.776
4 0.056 0.997 2.190 0.901
5 0.019 1.000 0.221 0.895

图3

人格特征-饮食态度典则结构图"

[1] Ma RCW. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetic complications in China[J]. Diabetologia. 2018,61(6):1249-1260.
[2] Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018,138(4):271-281.
[3] 宋玮, 宋道平, 陈利云, 等. 高血压患者人格特征对服药依从性的影响[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学, 2016,27(4):110-112.
[4] Ċukić I, Weiss A. Personality and diabetes mellitus incidence in a national sample[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2014,77(3):163-168.
[5] 杨婷婷. 人格特质对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为及心血管风险评估的影响[D]. 南京中医药大学, 2018.
[6] 易淑媛, 张新华, 罗成宜, 等. 肺结核患者人格特征与应对方式的相关性研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2020,36(1):66-70.
[7] Costa PT, Terracciano A, Mccrae RR. Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings[J]. J Pers Soc Psychol, 2001,81(2):322-331.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322 pmid: 11519935
[8] Bagby RM, Schuller DR, Marshall MB, et al. Depressive personality disorder: rates of comorbidity with personality disorders and relations to the five-factor model of personality[J]. J Pers Disord, 2005,18(6):542-554.
pmid: 15615666
[9] Ċukić I, Mõttus R, Luciano M, et al. Do personality traits moderate the manifestation of type 2 diabetes genetic risk[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2015,79(4):303-308.
[10] Skinner TC, Bruce DG, Davis TM, et al. Personality traits, selfcare behaviours and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: the fremantle diabetes study phase Ⅱ[J]. Diabet Med, 2014,31(4):487-492.
pmid: 24147848
[11] Lane JD, Mccaskill CC, Williams PG, et al. Personality correlates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2000,23(9):1321-1325.
[12] Mõttus R, Realo A, Allik J, et al. Personality traits and eating habits in a large sample of Estonians[J]. Health Psychol, 2012,31(6):806-814.
pmid: 22268715
[13] 李丽萍. 2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为在不同人格特质上的干预效果分析[D]. 山西医科大学, 2018.
[1] 陈平,黎泽明,郭怡,孙昕霙,Edwin B.FISHER. 基于大五人格理论应用潜在剖面分析探究2型糖尿病患者的用药依从性[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2021, 53(3): 530-535.
[2] 谢江,李菲. 睡眠重叠综合征与糖尿病发病率的横断面调查研究[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2019, 51(2): 252-255.
[3] 刘胜兰，娜荷芽，李伟豪，云青萍，姜学文，刘婧楠，常春. 基于自我决定理论的糖尿病自我管理行为干预效果[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2018, 50(3): 474-481.
[4] 张旭熙，吴士艳，王冯彬，玛依努尔·于苏甫，孙凯歌，胡康，张幸，孙昕霙，Edwin B. FISHER. 社区糖尿病患者获得社会支持与自我管理行为的相关关系[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2017, 49(3): 455-461.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 田增民, 陈涛, Nanbert ZHONG, 李志超, 尹丰, 刘爽. 神经干细胞移植治疗遗传性小脑萎缩的临床研究（英文稿）[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(4): 456 -458 .
[2] 郭岩, 谢铮. 用一代人时间弥合差距——健康社会决定因素理论及其国际经验[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(2): 125 -128 .
[3] 成刚, 钱振华, 胡军. 艾滋病项目自愿咨询检测的技术效率分析[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(2): 135 -140 .
[4] 卢恬, 朱晓辉, 柳世庆, 郑杰, 邱晓彦. 白细胞介素2促进宫颈癌细胞系HeLaS3免疫球蛋白G的表达[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(2): 158 -161 .
[5] 袁惠燕, 张苑, 范田园. 离子交换型栓塞微球及其载平阳霉素的制备与性质研究[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(2): 217 -220 .
[6] 徐莉, 孟焕新, 张立, 陈智滨, 冯向辉, 释栋. 侵袭性牙周炎患者血清中抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌的IgG抗体水平的研究[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(1): 52 -55 .
[7] 董稳, 刘瑞昌, 刘克英, 关明, 杨旭东. 氯诺昔康和舒芬太尼用于颌面外科术后自控静脉镇痛的比较[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(1): 109 -111 .
[8] 祁琨, 邓芙蓉, 郭新彪. 纳米二氧化钛颗粒对人肺成纤维细胞缝隙连接通讯的影响[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(3): 297 -301 .
[9] Jian-wei GU, Emily YOUNG, Zhi-jun PAN, Kevan B. TUCKER, Megan SHPARAGO, Min HUANG, Amelia Purser BAILEY. SD大鼠长期高盐饮食可导致其高血压并改变肾细胞因子基因表达谱[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(5): 505 -515 .
[10] 李宏亮*, 安卫红*, 赵扬玉, 朱曦. 妊娠合并高脂血症性胰腺炎行血液净化治疗1例[J]. 北京大学学报（医学版）, 2009, 41(5): 599 -601 .
ISSN 1671-167X
CN 11-4691/R
主管单位：中华人民共和国教育部
主办单位：北京大学
地址： 北京市海淀区学院路38号 北京大学医学部 《北京大学学报（医学版）》
邮编：100191
电话：010-82801551
Email： xbbjb2@bjmu.edu.cn

《北京大学学报（医学版）》
微信公众号
版权所有 © 2018 《北京大学学报（医学版）》编辑部