北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 980-986. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.06.006
Yujing ZHU, Lei WANG, Chengyin LYU, Wenfeng TAN, Miaojia ZHANG*()
摘要:
目的: 总结57例抗EJ (anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase) 抗体阳性抗合成酶综合征(antisynthetase syndrome, ASS) 相关间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease, ILD) 患者的临床特征,并分析ILD复发的相关因素。方法: 选择2020年1月1日至2024年6月30日在南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)风湿免疫科就诊的57例抗EJ抗体阳性ASS患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,收集的数据包括患者的一般情况、临床表现、实验室检查结果和胸部CT影像,以及肺功能检查结果[包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity, FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second, FEV1) 和一氧化碳弥散量(diffusion lung carbon monoxide, DLCO)],并进一步分析ILD复发的临床特征。结果: 所有57例抗EJ抗体阳性ASS患者均合并ILD,平均发病年龄为(58.18±10.27)岁,平均病程为3.00 (2.00, 16.00)个月。患者中70. 18%为女性,87.72%有咳嗽症状,70. 18%有咳痰症状,89.47%出现呼吸困难,14.04%发生呼吸衰竭。肺功能结果显示,FVC占正常预计值的百分比(FVC%)、FEV1占正常预计值的百分比(FEV1%) 和DLCO占正常预计值的百分比(DLCO%) 分别为59.36±21.41、58.34±19.46和58.17±27.95,氧合指数为(363.24±99.42) mmHg。胸部CT影像中,非特异性间质性肺炎(nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, NSIP) 为最常见的影像学表现类型。在46例完成12个月以上随访的患者中,21例(45.65%) 出现了ILD复发。复发组的平均发病年龄为(61.38±8.63)岁,而非复发组为(55.28±11.85)岁,差异无统计学意义(P=0.056)。进一步分析发现,复发组的红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR) 水平显著高于非复发组[(50.48±29.64) mm/h vs. 30.28±23.97) mm/h, P=0.025],血清IgM (immune globulin M, IgM) 水平也明显高于非复发组(P=0.042)。此外,复发组的CD8 + T细胞百分比显著高于非复发组(25.48±11.81 vs. 18.59± 8.53, P=0.027)。尽管复发组患者在基线时的年龄偏大,且ESR、IgM和CD8 + T细胞百分比在两组间差异有统计学意义,但多因素二元Logistics回归分析显示,这些指标均未被证实为ILD复发的独立危险因素。结论: ILD是抗EJ抗体阳性ASS患者的主要临床表现,并且常伴有显著的肺功能损伤。尽管糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂的联合治疗对大多数患者有效,但ILD的复发率依然较高。基线ESR水平增快、IgM升高及CD8+ T细胞百分比增加的患者更容易出现复发。
中图分类号:
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