北京大学学报(医学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 242-246.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

应用健康信念模式分析北京城乡居民限盐行为的影响因素

陈娟1,廖逸星1,李卓婷1,田野2,杨帅帅1,吐达洪3,何朝4,孙昕霙1△   

  1. (1. 北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系,北京100191;2. 北京大学公共卫生学院卫生政策与管理学系,北京100191;3. 北京世纪坛医院社区医疗中心,北京100038;4. 北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科,北京101300)
  • 出版日期:2014-04-18 发布日期:2014-04-18

Analysis of the determinants of salt-restriction behavior among urban and rural residents in Beijing with health belief model

CHEN Juan1,LIAO Yi-xing1,LI Zhuo-ting1,TIAN Ye2,YANG Shuai-shuai1,TU Da-hong3,HE Chao4,SUN Xin-ying1△   

  1. (1. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; 2. Department of Health Policy and Administration, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; 3. Community Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, China; 4. Department of Health Education, Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101300, China)
  • Online:2014-04-18 Published:2014-04-18

摘要: 目的:了解北京城乡居民限盐行为现况并分析其影响因素,为开展限盐干预提供科学依据。方法:基于健康信念模式设计问卷,测量人口统计学特征、限盐行为、高血压知识、感知到的高血压易感性、感知到的高血压严重性、限盐益处、限盐主观障碍、限盐客观障碍、自我效能、提示因素。对北京市西城区和顺义区的799名居民(城区396人,农村403人)做问卷调查、盐摄入量跟踪和24小时尿钠(24-hour urinary sodium,24HUNa)测定。结果:城乡居民分别有54.0%(214/396)和26.3%(106/403)经常或每天使用限盐勺,分别有27.5%(109/396)和12.4%(50/403)正确使用限盐勺。城乡居民的日均盐摄入量分别为(5.85±4.17)g和(7.74±4.67)g,24HUNa分别为(113.70±72.57)mmoL和(212.18±105.01)mmoL。客观障碍是农村居民(OR=0.92;95%CI:0.88-0.96;P<0.01)和城区居民(OR=0.87;95%CI:0.83-0.91;P<0.01)限盐行为的主要影响因素,农村居民感知到的客观障碍明显多于城区居民,农村居民限盐行为的另一个重要影响因素为是否拥有限盐勺(OR=2.18;95%CI:1.04-4.57;P=0.04)。结论:有必要对现有限盐勺进行改良,并大力提高限盐勺发放率,推广限盐勺使用方法,尤其要将农村居民作为重点干预对象。

关键词: 健康知识, 态度, 实践, 膳食, 限钠, Logistic模型, 健康信念模式

Abstract: Objective:To investigate salt-restriction behavior and explore related determinants among Beijing residents, so as to provide scientific basis for saltrestriction intervention. Methods: The health belief model (HBM) was applied in designing the questionnaire, in which respondents’ demographic characteristics, salt-restriction behavior, knowledge on hypertension, perceived susceptibility to hypertension, perceived severity of hypertension, perceived benefits of salt-restriction, perceived subjective barriers of salt-restriction, perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction, self-efficacy and cues to action were measured. Altogether 799 residentsresponsible for cooking in Xicheng district (396 urban residents) and Shunyi district (403 rural residents) in Beijing were investigated by the questionnaire, salt intake follow up, and 24-hour urinary sodium (24HUNa) determination. Results: In the study, 54.0% (214/396) of urban respondents and 26.3% (106/403) of rural respondents used a salt-restriction-spoon with high frequencies (everyday and often), while 27.5% (109/396) and 12.4% (50/403) used it correctly. The daily salt intake was (5.85±4.17) g and (7.74±4.67) g, and the 24HUNa was (113.70±72.57) mmoL and (212.18±105.01) mmoL for urban and rural respondents, respectively. Perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction was animportant determinant of salt-restriction behavior for both the rural (OR=0.92;95%CI:0.88-0.96;P<0.01) and urban respondents (OR=0.87;95%CI:0.83-0.91;P<0.01), which was perceived obviously more by rural respondents than by urban ones. Another important determinant of rural respondents’ salt-restriction behavior was the owning status of salt-restriction-spoon (OR=2.18;95%CI:1.04-4.57;P=0.04).Conclusion: It is necessary to improve current salt-restriction-spoon, enhance its owning rate,and popularize its correct way of using, especially among rural residents.

Key words: Health knowledge, attitudes, practice, Diet, sodium-restricted, Logistic models, Health belief model

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