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北京大学学报（医学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 272-277. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.02.008

• 工作综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于干细胞和生物材料调控的口腔颅颌面骨再生的研究进展

李峥1,2, 吕珑薇1,2, 张晓1,2, 夏丹丹1,2,3, 张萍1,2, 刘云松1,2, 周永胜1,2,*()   

  1. 1. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 颅颌面组织生物智造与修复再生北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔数字医学重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2. 北京大学口腔医院三亚医院(三亚口腔医学中心), 海南三亚 572013
    3. 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2026-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 周永胜
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(82530030); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(82270954); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(81930026); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4605400); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1106900); 北京市自然科学基金委员会-海淀原始创新联合基金重点研究专题项目(L222030); 海南省自然科学基金优秀青年基金(825YXQN603)

Advances in oral and craniofacial bone regeneration modulated by stem cells and biomaterials

Zheng LI1,2, Longwei LV1,2, Xiao ZHANG1,2, Dandan XIA1,2,3, Ping ZHANG1,2, Yunsong LIU1,2, Yongsheng ZHOU1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Biomanufacturing and Regeneration of Craniofacial Tissues & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Peking University Hospital of Stomatology Sanya Division(Sanya Stomatology Center), Sanya 572013, Hainan, China
    3. Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-11-05 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2026-01-13
  • Contact: Yongsheng ZHOU
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82530030); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270954); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930026); the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4605400); the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1106900); Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Key Research Program of the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222030); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(825YXQN603)

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摘要：

口腔颅颌面骨缺损由创伤、肿瘤、感染及先天畸形等多种因素引起，严重影响患者生理功能与生活质量。传统的骨修复方法(如自体或异体移植)在复杂、大范围缺损修复中仍面临供区损伤、免疫排斥及远期吸收等局限，其内在原因是缺乏对骨组织再生过程中复杂的细胞行为、信号网络及材料-宿主相互作用的深入解析，导致现有治疗策略难以精准调控修复进程。因此，发展基于机制探索的新理论、新技术和新材料，是目前口腔颅颌面骨再生研究的重要战略方向。本文系统综述了本课题组围绕“调控细胞命运-构建智能材料-实现功能重建”这一核心理念，在口腔颅颌面骨再生领域取得的系列原创性研究进展。从骨骼干细胞命运调控机制入手，阐明了表观遗传修饰、泛素化系统和单细胞水平下功能性干细胞亚群在骨再生中的关键作用，提出了凋亡囊泡作为新型无细胞治疗载体的再生机制及其工程化增强策略；在材料层面，发展了可降解镁、锌金属的生物功能化设计和增材制造技术，并构建了形态与功能双重动态可调的4D打印智能支架，同时引入人工智能，实现精准设计和数字化制造，构建了从机制到转化的系统性创新体系。

关键词: 干细胞, 生物材料, 颅颌面骨缺损, 骨再生

Abstract:

Cranio-maxillofacial bone defects resulting from trauma, tumors, infection, or congenital malformations not only severely impair patients' physiological functions, but also impose a profound psychological burden, constituting a major public health issue that affects overall health and quality of life. Conventional reconstructive approaches, including autologous grafting and allogeneic implantation, can partially restore tissue morphology; however, limitations, such as donor-site morbidity, immune rejection, and long-term resorption prevent the achievement of true biological functional reconstruction. These challenges are particularly pronounced in the repair of complex and large-scale bone defects. The underlying cause lies in the insufficient understanding of the complex cellular behaviors, signaling networks, and material-host interactions involved in bone regeneration, which hampers precise regulation of the repair process. Therefore, the development of new theories, technologies, and materials grounded in mechanistic insights has become a key strategic direction in cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration research. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, and National and Provincial Major Talent Programs, our research group has addressed critical clinical challenges in cranio-maxillofacial bone defect repair by proposing an innovative concept of "regulating cell fate, designing intelligent biomaterials, and achieving functional reconstruction". Centered on this key scientific question, we have systematically carried out a full-chain research strategy spanning "fundamental theory-technological breakthroughs-product translation", overcoming multiple bottlenecks and achieving a series of original outcomes. (1) At the level of fundamental theory, we elucidated the epigenetic and ubiquitination regulatory networks governing skeletal stem cell fate determination, and precisely defined functional stem cell subpopulations using single-cell technologies. We also pioneered apoptotic vesicles as a new paradigm for cell-free therapy and clarified their functional diversity. (2) In terms of technological breakthroughs, we established 4D printing technologies with dynamically tunable morphology and function, developed metal surface engineering strategies that integrate controllable degradation with biofunctional regulation, and built artificial intelligence-driven intelligent design and manufacturing platforms. (3) Regarding translational applications, we developed a series of apoptotic vesicle-based biotherapeutics, smart responsive bone-repair scaffolds, and next-generation biofunctionalized biodegradable metal implants. Collectively, these achievements have advanced the fundamental theory of regenerative medicine, overcome key technological barriers, established new clinical strategies for cranio-maxillofacial tissue defect repair, and significantly enhanced core competitiveness in this field.

Key words: Stem cells, Bioactive materials, Cranio-maxillofacial bone defects, Bone regeneration

中图分类号: 

  • R782.2
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ISSN 1671-167X
CN 11-4691/R
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